Abstract Background The right sampling of homologous sequences for phylogenetic or molecular evolution analyses is a crucial step, the quality of which can have a significant impact on the final interpretation of the study.There is no single way for constructing datasets suitable for phylogenetic analysis, because this task intimately depends on th

In Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected tobacco plants carrying the N resistance gene, a hypersensitive reaction or response (HR) occurs to enclose the virus in the infected tissue.Although a contribution of peroxidases to the resistance has been proposed, no evidence has been presented that tobacco peroxidase genes respond to HR.Here, we describe t

Puzzles Intellectual property rights are monopoly rights, which have undesirable welfare properties.Therefore, several studies suggest using rewards as incentives for innovation instead.However, these studies have thus far had little effect on actual policy, possibly because such rewards may be difficult to implement in practice.We suggest a new wa